Most antioxidant ingredients share a general approach. Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) is more targeted than most. Component of electron transport chain; scavenges free radicals; depleted by UV and aging.

The scientific name is Ubiquinone. Component of electron transport chain; scavenges free radicals; depleted by UV and aging. This mechanism is consistent across properly formulated products, which means the real variable is concentration and delivery system.

Typical working concentration is 0.01–1%. Best suited to all skin types, especially mature skin. Primary applications: antioxidant, anti-aging, energises skin cells.

Works well with: Vitamin E, vitamin C, peptides.

Levels decline with age; both topical and oral supplementation studied.