Supports coagulation and vascular integrity; reduces haemosiderin deposits under eyes. That’s Vitamin K in a sentence – and it’s worth understanding what each part of that process means.
The scientific name is Phytonadione / Vitamin K1. Supports coagulation and vascular integrity; reduces haemosiderin deposits under eyes. This mechanism is consistent across properly formulated products, which means the real variable is concentration and delivery system.
Typical working concentration is 0.1–1%. Best suited to all skin types, especially mature skin. Primary applications: dark circles (periorbital), reduces bruising, rosacea-related redness.
Works well with: Caffeine (dark circles synergy), vitamin C.
Limited topical evidence; oral supplementation may be more effective for dark circles.